Dieser Übersichtsartikel informiert über die aktuellen Indikationskriterien einer
Cochlea-Implantation im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter, die notwendige Vordiagnostik,
die Kriterien, die für die Auswahl von Cochlea-Implantat und Elektrodenträger eine
Rolle spielen, die mikrochirurgischen Grundprinzipien der Cochlea-Implantat-Chirurgie
und Qualitätsanforderungen in der Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung.
Abstract
In childhood, inadequately rehabilitated hearing loss leads to impaired language acquisition
and social, mental and emotional development. In adults, social withdrawal due to
limited communication skills is often a consequence of unsatisfactory hearing rehabilitation.
Therefore, in patients with profound hearing loss, the indication for cochlear implantation
should be considered. Technical advances in cochlear implant development, as well
as in microsurgical techniques and the rehabilitation process, have led to an expansion
of indications in recent years. Adequate hearing rehabilitation is associated not
only with an improvement in hearing function and speech understanding, but also with
an increase in quality of life at all ages. In patients with unilateral profound hearing
loss, cochlear implantation leads to an improvement of speech understanding and localization
ability as well as to a reduction of the head shadow effect and tinnitus. The indication
process, surgical treatment and the subsequent rehabilitation process require interprofessional
cooperation in specialized centers.
Schlüsselwörter
Kochleaimplantat - Hörrehabilitation - einseitige Taubheit - Hörverlust - Qualitätssicherung
Key words
Cochlear implant - hearing rehabilitation - single-sided deafness - hearing loss -
quality control
